History of film
Among the earliest film makers were French brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumière. Their father owned a photographic film company, which they both worked for. They began to experiment with moving pictures, creating their first moving pictures in 1895. The first film they publicly screened was 'La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon', or 'Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory'.
Film was such a new phenomenon that a film they made shortly after, named ' L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat' or 'Arrival of a Train at a Station' actually made the people in the theatre duck out of the way thinking that the train was going to come out of the screen into them.
Continuity editing
In 1905 Cecil Milton Hepworth made the film "Rescued by Rover" in which he experimented with continuity editing by ensuring that moving subjects re-entered the frame from the same direction that they left the last frame.
The starting point of modern film is widely considered to be the zoetrope. It is a cylinder with slits in, with images on the inside. When the cylinder is spun the images appear to move. There were variations of zoetropes recorded from around 180 AD, but the creation of the modern zoetrope was in 1834 by British mathematician William George Horner.
Among the earliest film makers were French brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumière. Their father owned a photographic film company, which they both worked for. They began to experiment with moving pictures, creating their first moving pictures in 1895. The first film they publicly screened was 'La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon', or 'Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory'.
Film was such a new phenomenon that a film they made shortly after, named ' L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat' or 'Arrival of a Train at a Station' actually made the people in the theatre duck out of the way thinking that the train was going to come out of the screen into them.
Continuity editing
In 1905 Cecil Milton Hepworth made the film "Rescued by Rover" in which he experimented with continuity editing by ensuring that moving subjects re-entered the frame from the same direction that they left the last frame.
Kuleshov Effect
The Kuleshov effect is a way of using film editing to influence the viewers perception. It was first demonstrated by Russian film maker Lev Kuleshovin the 1920's, when he made a film showing an expressionless face followed by different clips. The content of the clips following the face influenced the emotion the viewer felt the face was showing.
Alfred Hitchcock made a short film demonstrating the Kuleshov effect in 1964.
The Kuleshov effect was implemented in Soviet propaganda films, such as The Battleship Potemkin, directed in 1925 by Sergei Eisenstein. It is hailed as being one of the most influencial propaganda films of all time, and even won the 'Greatest film of all time' award at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958.
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